etc, Type HĬutting Plane Lines are long lines, thickened ar ends and thin elsewhere, with alternately long and short dashes of proportion ranging from 4:1 to 6:1 and evenly spaced. These lines are also drawn to represent the lines of symmetry, trajectories, pitch circles. The centre lines are extended by a short distance beyond the outline. The proportion once selected should be maintained throughout the drawing. Type GĬentre lines, Lines of Symmetry, Trajectories, and Pitch CirclesĬentre lines, Lines of Symmetry, Trajectories, and Pitch Circles type of lines are long, thin, chain lines with alternately long and short dashes of proportion ranging from 6:1 to 4:1 and evenly spaced. Although THICK lines of Type-E are recommended for representing the hidden edges, THIN lines of Type-F are preferred. These lines are drawn to represent hidden or invisible edges of the objects. Hidden Lines (Thin) type lines consist of thin short dashes, closely and evenly spaced. ![]() Hidden Lined (Thick) type lines consist of thick short dashes, closely and evenly spaced. Type Dīreak Lines type lines are ruled, short, zig-zag thin lines drawn to represent the breaks. Limits or Boundaries of Partial or Interrupted Views type lines are drawn as continuous, thin, wavy, freehand lines to represent limits or boundaries of partial or interrupted views. Limits or Boundaries of Partial or Interrupted Views This type is also used to draw outlines of adjacent and revolved sections. The extension lines for dimensioning should run from the outlines without leaving a gap and extend beyond the dimension lines. Type Bĭimension, Projection, Leader, Hatching Linesĭimension, Projection, Leader, Hatching type lines must be drawn thin and continuous. A zigzag is like a sawtooth: once to the left and once to the right.Outline of Parts type lines represent the visible edges of the objects, hence should be outstanding in appearance and therefore, are drawn as bold i.e., thick continuous lines. In this case it is better to use a zigzag. You will not use a large part of your coordinate system and the picture is distorted. When making a graph to the following table, it is not really useful to make a coordinate system with a scale of 2 all the way to the origin on the vertical axis. On the horizontal axis it is not necessary to show a zigzag. You can use a zigzag to skip part of the vertical axis. This is the graph that corresponds to the graph above. When all the points are on one straight line, you use a ruler to draw this line. When you have these points, you draw a smooth line through these points. After that you can draw points in the coordinate system. Make sure your axes are about the same length and choose a good scale. ![]() The horizontal axis should always correspond to the top row of the table, the vertical as to the bottom row. To plot a graph, you first have to draw a coordinate system. If you have to plot a graph for a formula, you first have to make the table yourself. The blue graph is constant or horizontal. For that reason you often write the letter O at the origin. The point of intersection of the two axes is called the origin. You always have a horizontal and vertical axis. ![]() The straight number lines are called axes (singular = axis). This is the most common usage of graphs within mathematics. You can plot graphs that correspond to formulas. These graphs are used to get a clear picture of certain data, it makes it easier to compare them. Formulas, graphs & relations » Graphs (basis) Contents 1.
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